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The Concept and Origins of Scientific Racism [By Hallan de Oliveira]

 Scientific racism, a concept that gained strength in the 19th century, was based on the distortion of scientific theories, mainly evolutionary ones, to justify racial hierarchy and the domination of certain groups over others. The origins of this distorted thinking lie in a context of scientific and social advances, but also of profound inequalities and the search for justifications for domination. Anthropology, in its early phase, was one of the fields that contributed most to the rise of scientific racism. Physical anthropology, focused on anatomical differences between human groups, quickly adopted the concept of "race". This classification, combined with the discoveries of prehistoric fossils, such as Neanderthal Man, led some to associate certain physical characteristics with proximity to "lower stages" of human evolution. Cultural anthropology, in turn, proposed that different cultures represented distinct stages in social evolution, culminating in the Europe...